dictionary.ptidemadverbformalcommon/ˈidɐ̃j̃/i·demPortuguêsEnglishEspañolFrançaisDefinition1Used in citations and references to indicate the same author, work, or item as the one immediately preceding.Usage examples“See Smith (1999) and idem (2005).”“The rule applies to managers and, idem, to directors.”Synonymsdittothe sameCommon combinationsid.ibid.
Used in citations and references to indicate the same author, work, or item as the one immediately preceding.Usage examples“See Smith (1999) and idem (2005).”“The rule applies to managers and, idem, to directors.”Synonymsdittothe sameCommon combinationsid.ibid.